Am J Hum Biol. 2008 Dec 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Searching for the origin of Gagauzes: Inferences from Y-chromosome analysis.
Varzari A, Kharkov V, Stephan W, Dergachev V, Puzyrev V, Weiss EH, Stepanov V.
The Gagauzes are a small Turkish-speaking ethnic group living mostly in southern Moldova and northeastern Bulgaria. The origin of the Gagauzes is obscure. They may be descendants of the Turkic nomadic tribes from the Eurasian steppes, as suggested by the "Steppe" hypothesis, or have a complex Anatolian-steppe origin, as postulated by the "Seljuk" or "Anatolian" hypothesis. To distinguish these hypotheses, a sample of 89 Y-chromosomes representing two Gagauz populations from the Republic of Moldova was analyzed for 28 binary and seven STR polymorphisms. In the gene pool of the Gagauzes a total of 15 Y-haplogroups were identified, the most common being I-P37 (20.2%), R-M17 (19.1%), G-M201 (13.5%), R-M269 (12.4%), and E-M78 (11.1%). The present Gagauz populations were compared with other Balkan, Anatolian, and Central Asian populations by means of genetic distances, nonmetric multidimentional scaling and analyses of molecular variance. The analyses showed that Gagauzes belong to the Balkan populations, suggesting that the Gagauz language represents a case of language replacement in southeastern Europe. Interestingly, the detailed study of microsatellite haplotypes revealed some sharing between the Gagauz and Turkish lineages, providing some support of the hypothesis of the "Seljuk origin" of the Gagauzes. The faster evolving microsatellite loci showed that the two Gagauz samples investigated do not represent a homogeneous group. This finding matches the cultural and linguistic heterogeneity of the Gagauzes well, suggesting a crucial role of social factors in shaping the Gagauz Y-chromosome pool and possibly also of effects of genetic drift.
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3 comments:
I-P37 (20.2%)
R-M17 (19.1%)
G-M201 (13.5%)
R-M269 (12.4%)
E-M78 (11.1%).
I don't see how they are Seljuks! or even Near Eastern?
Where is the big J2%? even Romania J2 is near 20%
The Big G% is more than likely related to the Alans settlement in that region.
Sam = "vas electionis"?
These are the data that I have extracted from Varzari's 2006 thesis paper, "Population History of the Dniester-Carpathians: Evidence from Alu Insertion and Y-Chromosome Polymorphisms":
Romanian speakers (Moldavians from Sofia and Karahasani, Moldova and Buhusi and Piatra-Neamt, Romania):
17/180 = 9.4% E1b1b1a-M78
3/180 = 1.7% E1b1b1c-M123 (all in the Karahasani sample)
20/180 = 11.1% E
4/180 = 2.2% G-M201
8/180 = 4.4% I1-M253
48/180 = 26.7% I2a-P37
5/180 = 2.8% I2b1-M223
2/180 = 1.1% I-M170(xI1-M253, I2a-P37, I2b1-M223)
63/180 = 35.0% I
5/180 = 2.8% J1-M267
5/180 = 2.8% J2-M172(xJ2a1a-M47, J2a1b-M67, J2a1b1-M92, J2b-M12)
1/180 = 0.6% J2a1b-M67(xJ2a1b1-M92)
1/180 = 0.6% J2a1b1-M92
1/180 = 0.6% J2b-M12
8/180 = 4.4% J2
13/180 = 7.2% J
1/180 = 0.6% T-M70 (in Sofia, northern Moldova)
1/180 = 0.6% N1b-P43 (in Karahasani, southern Moldova)
2/180 = 1.1% N1c1-M178 (in Sofia, northern Moldova)
3/180 = 1.7% N
1/180 = 0.6% Q-M242 (in Sofia, northern Moldova)
47/180 = 26.1% R1a1-M17 (11/54 = 20.4% in both Sofia, northern Moldova and Buhusi & Piatra-Neamt, northeastern Romania; 25/72 = 34.7% in Karahasani, southern Moldova)
28/180 = 15.6% R1b1b2-M269
75/180 = 41.7% R
Turkish speakers (Gagauzes from Kongaz and Etulia, Moldova):
10/89 = 11.2% E1b1b1a-M78
2/89 = 2.2% E1b1b1c-M123 (both in the sample from Kongaz)
12/89 = 13.5% E
12/89 = 13.5% G-M201
4/89 = 4.5% I1-M253
18/89 = 20.2% I2a-P37
3/89 = 3.4% I2b1-M223
25/89 = 28.1% I
1/89 = 1.1% J*-12f2(xJ1-M267, J2-M172) (Kongaz)
1/89 = 1.1% J1-M267 (Kongaz)
3/89 = 3.4% J2-M172(xJ2a1a-M47, J2a1b-M67, J2a1b1-M92, J2b-M12)
1/89 = 1.1% J2a1b-M67(xJ2a1b1-M92) (Etulia)
1/89 = 1.1% J2b-M12 (Kongaz)
5/89 = 5.6% J2
7/89 = 7.9% J
3/89 = 3.4% T-M70 (all in Kongaz)
2/89 = 2.2% N1c1-M178 (both in Kongaz)
17/89 = 19.1% R1a1-M17 (12.5% in Kongaz, 26.8% in Etulia)
11/89 = 12.4% R1b1b2-M269
28/89 = 31.5% R
Ukrainian speakers (Rashkovo, Transnistria):
2/53 = 3.8% I1-M253
11/53 = 20.8% I2a-P37
13/53 = 24.5% I
1/53 = 1.9% J1-M267
1/53 = 1.9% J2-M172(xJ2a1a-M47, J2a1b-M67, J2a1b1-M92, J2b-M12)
1/53 = 1.9% J2a1a-M47
2/53 = 3.8% J2b-M12
4/53 = 7.5% J2
5/53 = 9.4% J
3/53 = 5.7% N1c1-M178
22/53 = 41.5% R1a1-M17
3/53 = 5.7% R1b1-P25(xR1b1b2-M269)
7/53 = 13.2% R1b1b2-M269
32/53 = 60.4% R
Note that Buhusi and Piatra-Neamt are located in historical Moldavia, so Varzari's samples of Romanian speakers all should be considered as Moldavian.
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