Proceedings of the Royal Society B doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1177
Human adaptations for the visual assessment of strength and fighting ability from the body and face
Aaron Sell et al.
Abstract
Selection in species with aggressive social interactions favours the evolution of cognitive mechanisms for assessing physical formidability (fighting ability or resource-holding potential). The ability to accurately assess formidability in conspecifics has been documented in a number of non-human species, but has not been demonstrated in humans. Here, we report tests supporting the hypothesis that the human cognitive architecture includes mechanisms that assess fighting ability—mechanisms that focus on correlates of upper-body strength. Across diverse samples of targets that included US college students, Bolivian horticulturalists and Andean pastoralists, subjects in the US were able to accurately estimate the physical strength of male targets from photos of their bodies and faces. Hierarchical linear modelling shows that subjects were extracting cues of strength that were largely independent of height, weight and age, and that corresponded most strongly to objective measures of upper-body strength—even when the face was all that was available for inspection. Estimates of women's strength were less accurate, but still significant. These studies are the first empirical demonstration that, for humans, judgements of strength and judgements of fighting ability not only track each other, but accurately track actual upper-body strength.
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2 comments:
Do you know if the neck was visible in the face photos? I wonder as I'm one of those "men with necks wider with their heads", to use Steve Sailer's term, so I suspect I'd be judged as stronger based on a photos of the face and neck instead of only the face.
The necks were not visible in the face photographs.
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