tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post6672010459133054512..comments2024-01-04T04:11:55.717+02:00Comments on Dienekes’ Anthropology Blog: Age of Italian R1b Y-chromosomes (amended Jan. 5, 2009)Dienekeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02082684850093948970noreply@blogger.comBlogger52125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-69537455333017075432016-02-04T19:05:49.991+02:002016-02-04T19:05:49.991+02:00I know this is an old post, but today we know that...I know this is an old post, but today we know that R1b evolved in the Northern Zagros range in Western Iran, and distribution overlaps with J2a, from the same region. Unknownhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11566494589399073241noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-4024666186845145782009-09-02T06:50:04.207+03:002009-09-02T06:50:04.207+03:00This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-4206762736695946272009-09-02T04:08:39.249+03:002009-09-02T04:08:39.249+03:00Don't know who Pinzochero is, don't really...Don't know who Pinzochero is, don't really want to know.<br /><br />Gioiello, people get banned from dna forum sites due to having unorthodox opinions. For example, FTDNA forum is composed of a lot of religious loons who actually believe lots of superstitious nonsense. I am J1, I don't like all the Cohen crap, or Abraham crap, Shem crap, Semite crap and the other crap that goes on there. It is crap as it is unsubstantiated by any real provable evidence. Leave religion to those interested in theology and leave dna to genetic studies.<br /><br />R1b, the common (frequent) haplogroup in SW Europe has its origins in Asia probably by the banks of Lake Van. Europe is a concept, mostly cultural but extending Europe geographically to include that part of Asia is ridiculous. It is not indigenous to Europe but arose in Caucasoid people, light skinned and dark haired as most of their descendants are in Ireland today. Polak is probably right. It entered Europe in the Holocene period and mostly in the Neolithic. It is also likely that the Etruscans and the original speakers of what is today Euskara, lived in Europe prior to colonisation or invasion of Italy, and Iberia by speakers of Celtic and Italic/Romance languages who were high R1b Y chromosome carriers, at least higher than the Etruscans or Iberians were. Like many infectious agents than infect Europe like Yersinia pestis, which arose in Central Asia, Y chromosome haplogroups in Europe arose in Asia and mostly spread similarly: R1b, R1b, J1, J2, G the E groups. Haplogroup I appears to have preceeded the others in Europe. The main differences between the haplogroups is that some were seeded by sea and the others by land. In any event, no haplogroups in Europe no matter how common or frequent in Paris, Milan, Madrid, London, Dublin or Moscow are indigenous to Europe.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-12515487025862877042009-05-18T21:33:00.000+03:002009-05-18T21:33:00.000+03:00What has happened? This is what Pinzochero writes ...<I>What has happened? This is what Pinzochero writes on his “ht35 project”:</I>This is not the place to resolve your issues with other people on the web.Dienekeshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02082684850093948970noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-18893265201356465832009-05-18T21:21:00.000+03:002009-05-18T21:21:00.000+03:00What has happened? This is what Pinzochero writes ...What has happened? This is what Pinzochero writes on his “ht35 project”:<br /><br />ht15 is most commonly found in western European R1b1b2, and most likely represents a mesolithic or neolithic population expansion in western Europe. <br /><br />ht35, the parent haplotype of ht25 (sic!), is most commonly found in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia. It most likely represents a post-glacial expansion in the Near East. Elevated levels of ht35 have also been observed among Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-73549770964661107622009-05-05T19:24:00.000+03:002009-05-05T19:24:00.000+03:00The surname of the Brazilian of Italian extraction...The surname of the Brazilian of Italian extraction is really Varallo and you can find him on Ysearch: 558P7. Probably his Italian ancestor was born in Marsicovetere (Potenza) in 1798 and his Brazilian descendants lived in Uruguaiana (Rio Grande do Sul).Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-57689573983138318702009-04-29T22:38:00.000+03:002009-04-29T22:38:00.000+03:00After that Mr Mayka made me to ban from “dna-forum...After that Mr Mayka made me to ban from “dna-forums”, I would have had to ignore him, but his ignorance is bottomless. Now he is trying to annex Hg. R2 to Jewish ancestry and he found on SMGF some R2s, one of them Italian I extracted from SMGF and put on Ysearch. Now he found that a “Jew” “has 2 neighbors listed, one Italian and one more distant Portuguese”. The Italian is my Scaccia and the “distant Portuguese” is a Brazilian named “Vassallo”. Mr Mayka, with his abysmal ignorance, doesn’t know that Vassallo is an Italian surname and to find it in Brazil isn’t strange, being there 30,000,000 of persons of Italian extraction. Then not an Italian and a distant Portuguese, but two Italians. Which is their ancient ancestry I don’t know, but for now: 2 to 0.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-73410186678313361372009-04-11T20:35:00.000+03:002009-04-11T20:35:00.000+03:00THE PINZOCHERO'S MASTERPIECEIt's been a busy month...THE PINZOCHERO'S MASTERPIECE<BR/><BR/>It's been a busy month for the R-ht35 project, with lots of new <BR/>members and lots of new results.<BR/><BR/>https://www.familytreedna.com/public/ht35new/default.aspx?section=yresults<BR/><BR/>The project now has over 100 members, 62 of which have tested either <BR/>all of the available SNPs or enough of them to get a definitive <BR/>haplogroup assignment. This project is for everyone in R1b1b2 who is <BR/>negative for both P312 and U106. Within that group, we now are able <BR/>to sub-divide members into four groups. In this email, and on our <BR/>results page, I call them A1, A2, A3, and A4. The SNP markers for <BR/>each group are:<BR/><BR/>A1 is M269+ L23- L51- L11- (same as ISOGG R1b1b2*)<BR/>A2 is M269+ L23+ L51- L11- (same as ISOGG R1b1b2a*)<BR/>A3 is M269+ L23+ L51+ L11- (same as ISOGG R1b1b2a1*)<BR/>A4 is M269+ L23+ L51+ L11+ (same as ISOGG R1b1b2a1a*)<BR/><BR/>Additionally, you will see on our Y results page several additional <BR/>categories for people who are not yet fully resolved either because <BR/>they have not received all the results they've ordered or haven't <BR/>ordered sufficient testing.<BR/><BR/>Anyway, the majority of our fully-resolved members fall into the first <BR/>two groups:<BR/><BR/>A1 = 10 members (16%)<BR/>A2 = 28 members (45%)<BR/>A3 = 7 members (11%)<BR/>A4 = 17 members (27%)<BR/><BR/>Despite our growth, we don't yet have enough folks with both known <BR/>geographic origins and full SNP results to get as much granularity as <BR/>I'd like. But I feel comfortable creating two splits. For the <BR/>phylogenetic split, I group A1 and A2 together (L51-) and A3 and A4 <BR/>together (L51+). For the geographic split, I made three categories: <BR/>NW European, Jewish, and SEE/SWA. The "Jewish" group simply holds all <BR/>the members of the R-ht35 project who are also members of Sean <BR/>Silver's Jewish R1b Project. The SEE/SWA (southeast Europe/southwest <BR/>Asia) group hold non-Jewish members from Algeria, Armenia, Bulgaria, <BR/>India, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and United Arab Emirates. <BR/>Also, NW Europe is not just northwest Europe but rather <BR/>Europe(xsoutheast Europe): it includes Germany, Poland, and <BR/>Switzerland as well as the nations we'd normally think of as NW Europe.<BR/><BR/>So, if you are trying to visualize what I'm getting at I have <BR/>effectively made a 3x2 matrix. So six groupings, with a total of 50 <BR/>people:<BR/><BR/>NW Europe L51-: (n=8)<BR/>NW Europe L51+: (n=13)<BR/>Jewish L51-: (n=8)<BR/>Jewish L51+: (n=0)<BR/>SEE/SWA L51-: (n=19)<BR/>SEE/SWA L51+: (n=2)<BR/><BR/>Put another way, 90% of our SEE/SWA members are L51-. 62% of our NW <BR/>European members are in groups L51+. 100% of our Jewish members are <BR/>L51-. There are, of course, many Jewish R1b1b2 men are L51+ but they <BR/>tend to be P312+ or U106+ and thus outside the scope of the R-ht35 <BR/>project.<BR/><BR/>Group A1, in particular, shows a strong bias towards SE Europe and SW <BR/>Asia: to date no member of our project in that group falls into my <BR/>"NW Europe" category. From prior analysis, it appears that R1b1b2 <BR/>moved north and west into Europe quite rapidly. And the data we are <BR/>seeing in our project are consistent with that: the oldest forms of <BR/>R1b1b2 are found at high frequency in the "homeland" of SW Asia and <BR/>places with the most contact with that region. The closer we get to NW <BR/>Europe, the more we observe the youngest, derived forms of R1b1b2.<BR/><BR/>The R1b1b2 we see in Arabian, Persian, and Jewish members of our <BR/>project appears to be entirely indigenous to these populations and not <BR/>the result of recent migrations or intermarriage. This, alone, I <BR/>think is a revolutionary finding.<BR/><BR/>One other item of note is that the modal haplotype for our A4 (L11+ <BR/>P312- U106-) members is (at 12 markers) perfectly co-incident with the <BR/>Western Atlantic Modal Haplotype (WAMH). This is one of the reasons I <BR/>think R-P312 and R-U106 arose in quite rapid succession. Our two SEE/ <BR/>SWA L51+ members are both L11+ also: one from Italy, and the other <BR/>from Armenia.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-44545042868599056572009-03-27T09:41:00.000+02:002009-03-27T09:41:00.000+02:00Many thanks, Stevo, for having posted “Genetic Str...Many thanks, Stevo, for having posted “Genetic Structure of the Bashkir Subpopulation of Russia”. A few remarks:<BR/>1) R269 is of Late Paleolithic (Verhnii Paleolit), and not so recent as Pinzochero and his Jewish friends claim;<BR/>2) The dispersion happened from Asia through Urals, and not from Near East;<BR/>3) A “nest” was in the Balkans (I always hope in the “Epigravettian Italian Refugium: Italy and Balkans’ shore”;<BR/>4) Bashkyrian mtDNA has many European haplogroups, then probably there was a back migration from Europe to Urals and Central Asia;<BR/>5) What we shall see is if there are in the Urals and Central Asia all the subclades of R-269, which probably was born in Europe.<BR/><BR/>GioielloGioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-2405418670974827992009-03-10T20:46:00.000+02:002009-03-10T20:46:00.000+02:00Pinzochero says: “I'll have more to say soon (I ho...Pinzochero says: “I'll have more to say soon (I hope) about the geographic distribution of these four groups, but on the basis of preliminary results it <BR/>appears that most R1b1b2 in the Near East will be of the R1b1b2* and <BR/>R1b1b2a* varieties. It also appears that R1b1b2a1a* becomes more <BR/>common as one moves northwest through Europe.”<BR/>Why doesn’t he say that Italy is the origin of all European R1b1b2?Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-78080169721516333782009-03-10T20:33:00.000+02:002009-03-10T20:33:00.000+02:00Thank you, my friend, for the well-timed communica...Thank you, my friend, for the well-timed communication. If it is true that R1b-ht35 comes from Asia, the Italian presence is massive and the mutations are to North/ North-West. I think my theory come out strengthened.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-47189710380962745102009-03-10T16:25:00.000+02:002009-03-10T16:25:00.000+02:00Dear Ricardo, If we must understand something from...Dear Ricardo, If we must understand something from this data, it seems that Daghestan is the land of origin of J1, but Tyrol (Italy: Rhaetian -Etruscan region) is the most ancient in West-Europe which retains the most ancient settlements of J1.Then the Italian J1 could date to which is for me the “Italian Refugium”. That R1b1b2 dominated in West Europe could be due to other factors, which Rokus01 has spoken largely about. <BR/><BR/>Haplogroup Region/population N DYS458 Alleles<BR/>J1-M267 Albania 1 17.2<BR/>J1-M267 Greece 6 17.2 18.2 19.2 22.2<BR/>J1-M267 Macedonia 1 19.2<BR/>J1-M267 Italy, Sicily 8 18.2 19.2 20.2<BR/>J1-M267 Algeria 23 18.2 19.2<BR/>J1-M267 Daghestan, (Mjews,Tats,Tabasaran)39 17.2 18.2 19.2 20.2 21.2 22.2<BR/>J1-M267 Italy, Emilia Romagna 2 17.2 19.2<BR/>J1-M267 Ethiopia, Amhara 10 17.2 18.2 19.2 20.2 21.2<BR/>J1-M267 Ethiopia, Orhomo 5 17.2 18.2 19.2<BR/>J1-M267 Italy, Marches 7 17.2 18.2 19.2<BR/>N.T. S. Malaysia 2 19.2 20.2<BR/>N.T. S. India 4 18.2 19.2 21.2<BR/>N.T. Tunisia, Berber 14 17.2 18.2<BR/>F* (xK) Austria, Tirol 3 15.2 19.2 20.2<BR/>N.T. Caucasian Y-Filer databases 7 15.2 16.2 17.2Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-45003507085774872452009-03-06T09:56:00.000+02:002009-03-06T09:56:00.000+02:00Pinzochero never changes his spots!In a posting of...Pinzochero never changes his spots!<BR/>In a posting of his on Rootsweb he says, after the 23andME of Mainenti (an Italian from the Italian Lake’s District I called the “Italian Refugium”!), he counts 18 SNPs from R1 to R-P312; but the SNPs are much more: he forgets the homologous (and also not homologous) ones, apart my L50/S136, he considers “private”, but FTDNA is testing too.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-48773791736377184172009-02-24T21:31:00.000+02:002009-02-24T21:31:00.000+02:00Re my theory that the most ancient "Celts" of the ...Re my theory that the most ancient "Celts" of the British Isles come from Italy:<BR/>look at Ysearch CAJZT (Marcelli fromn Italy) and NAWXY (Ramsey from Ireland). The origin could be also from Roman time, as many other similar hgs.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-8534114056447033532009-02-17T08:07:00.000+02:002009-02-17T08:07:00.000+02:00Vizachero writes:"Still no update from Brian Kemp'...Vizachero writes:"Still no update from Brian Kemp's project, but I do want to call <BR/>attention to a set of new markers offered by FTDNA. These five new <BR/>SNPs (L23, L49, L50, L51, L52) are aggregated in a panel (called "R- <BR/>M269") and constitute an excellent test for R1b1b2 folks who are P312- <BR/>U106-. The SNPs represent a good test of the entire known R1b1b2 <BR/>phylogeny upstream of P312 and U106, at what I think is a very <BR/>reasonable price".<BR/><BR/>Yesterday he thought my S136/L50 (I am for now the only +) was only a private SNP!Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-39824572347342805372009-02-09T13:57:00.000+02:002009-02-09T13:57:00.000+02:00Wellcome, Ponto, we all banned from "dna-forums" a...Wellcome, Ponto, we all banned from "dna-forums" and "Rootsweb". They are I1a: that AIDS is right!<BR/>What you are saying is known and it isn't absurd: Italy has 350,000 surnames, as they are recent, China, with 30 folded population, has less, as their surnames are thousands of years older. But my analysis is based on many data, not only on what you are saying. The result will be done from aDNA.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-84335680196828365952009-02-09T09:21:00.000+02:002009-02-09T09:21:00.000+02:00All these predictions of origin points for haplogr...All these predictions of origin points for haplogroups are totally based on frequency of the haplogroup during the last decade of the 20th century and into this century. The frequencies could have been totally different 10,000 years ago and 20,000 years ago and so on. R1b was at one time wholly based in Asia and not in Europe at all.<BR/>I suggest you read about the Extinction of Surnames, which sort of parallels Y chromosome haplogroups. Many surnames are extinct within 5 generations, with others only possessed by a single family or maybe two, and one surname held by a majority of people. Haplogroups in Europe 10,000 years ago were probably a lot more varied, that is many are now extinct, and R1b was just one of the existing haplogroups. In the last 10,000 years R1b has become as common as muck in Western Europe like as J1, M267 has in the Near East. It is the luck of the draw as to which men father male offspring who in turn father male offspring. Less than half of the men in every generation father male offspring, so their surnames and haplogroups die out.<BR/>Most of these haplogroup studies are a waste of time and money.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-76785240276214230782009-01-25T12:51:00.000+02:002009-01-25T12:51:00.000+02:00Genebase in Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup R writes...Genebase in Learn about Y-DNA Haplogroup R writes: “Evidence point to a refugium found in the Iberian Peninsula – likely in the Franco-Cantabrian region. Additional reports suggest the possibility of refuges in South East Europe around the Aegean Sea and in the Italian Peninsula”<BR/>For what can value, Adam Moft writes on Rootsweb: “In DNAtribes.com ashkenazi autosomal profile is closest to Italians then Russians, not to Arabs or middle easterners. Ashkenazim are not even related to Sephardim”.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-33262609327223982572009-01-23T09:29:00.000+02:002009-01-23T09:29:00.000+02:00I think we should search for R1b1b2/ht35 (descenda...I think we should search for R1b1b2/ht35 (descendants of the Italian ones in the British Isles: ancient Celt surnames) also among those with DYS363=13 or 14. See Y search:ASEN5, DVRQQ, FBFBM, J6EZX, JHJ2N, R6UDT, W8NXE, who match closely the Italian 9S8HR, from Valperca (Piemonte). Those tested have DYS461=11.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-4128429924378501532009-01-18T21:16:00.000+02:002009-01-18T21:16:00.000+02:00Vizachero writes: “ht15 is most commonly found in ...Vizachero writes: “ht15 is most commonly found in western European R1b1c, and most likely represents a mesolithic or neolithic population expansion in western Europe”. What did happen? Now is there the possibility it is “Mesolithic”?<BR/>Vizachero writes: “ht35, the parent haplotype of ht25 (sic!), is most commonly found in southeastern Europe and southwestern Asia. It most likely represents a post-glacial expansion in the Near East. Elevated levels of ht35 have also been observed among Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations”. Yes, because those Jews are of European ancestry, like pretty all their mtDNA. <BR/><BR/>Vizachero writes: “The two guys (Lanza and Crenson)in A1 (who are L23- and L49-) both have DYS426=11, while no one in A2, A3, or A4 have that result. As a consequence, I think that we can expect that most members of the project with DYS426=11 will eventually fall into that L23- L49- camp. Both members of the A1 <BR/>group also have DYF411=9,11”. I gave twice on “dna-forums” the genealogy of DYF411, with a RECloh DYF411=11,11, and this is one of the strongest proof of an Italian refugium.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-41029910729210029232009-01-15T15:55:00.000+02:002009-01-15T15:55:00.000+02:00Last Vizachero's words: "The R1 MRCA most likely l...Last Vizachero's words: "The R1 MRCA most likely lived in southwest Asia somewhere, though <BR/>southeastern Europe and Central Asia would be hard to rule out".Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-26458744668446063092009-01-11T19:26:00.000+02:002009-01-11T19:26:00.000+02:00Because the Ashkenazi N1b comes from the Italian r...Because the Ashkenazi N1b comes from the Italian refugium:<BR/>N1: T152C G1598A C1703T C2639T C3921A C4960T G5471A C8472T A8836G C9335G A11362G T12297C A12822G G16145A C16176G G16390A<BR/>FJ460561 (Tunisia : from Italy) : T195C T16126C G16176A<BR/>EU742161 (Ashkenazi) : C4735A A4917G T9335C G11362A A11928G C12092T C12297T C13129T A13710G T14581C C16176A<BR/>EF661011 (Italy) : T310C C4904T T14470C<BR/>EF660993 (Italy) : G185A A188G 3571.C A8261G C8410T C12297T A14053G T15813G G16129A C16291T T16297C<BR/>EU742153 (Ashkenazi) : C4904T T9230C T9335C C9882T C12297T T13608C G15043A G15883A A16390GGioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-43434068742540297692009-01-11T16:08:00.000+02:002009-01-11T16:08:00.000+02:00Dacia, after the Roman conquest of Emperor Traianu...Dacia, after the Roman conquest of Emperor Traianus, born in Hispania at Italica from an Italic family, were peopled by Italics and people from the Rhine Valley of Celt-Roman extraction. This explains the Rumanian language at 90% from Latin and why I found some closest to me, R1b1b2-S136+, among the Aromunians. <BR/>Mitosearch FTQGA N1b ( 145A, 176G, 223T, 244A, 390A, 519C) from Italy matches XN7UT from Krania, Trikala, Greece: She was Vlach. She was speaking a Latin dialect.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-89240998857028659082009-01-06T18:36:00.000+02:002009-01-06T18:36:00.000+02:00Vizachero writes: "By way of example, intraclade v...Vizachero writes: "By way of example, intraclade variance using pedigree rates yields a <BR/>pretty decent estimate for the TMRCA of R1b1b2a1 because this clade <BR/>appears to have enjoyed robust population growth, in a large area, <BR/>with no severe bottlenecks for its entire history On the other hand, <BR/>if you wanted to estimate the TMRCA of R1b1b using intraclade variance <BR/>you'd probably underestimate the actual TMRCA by a substantial <BR/>amount. In fact, you'd probably get an estimate not much older than <BR/>the TMRCA of R1b1b2a1 even though the R1b1b nodeman lived 2x or 3x <BR/>further back in time".<BR/>Ca suffice, disont les Francais.<BR/>I'd correct: R1b1b2. R1b1b2, with its cumulated 5 SNPs, suffered<BR/>a strong bottleneck, as recently also Gary Felix said.Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-35254671497795264602008-12-28T17:20:00.000+02:002008-12-28T17:20:00.000+02:00Has anyone the paper?NEANDERTHALS, ANATOMICALLY MO...Has anyone the paper?<BR/><BR/>NEANDERTHALS, ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS, AND 'MODERN HUMAN BEHAVIOUR' IN ITALY<BR/>SARAH MILLIKEN <BR/>Traditionally, accounts of the Middle–Upper Palaeolithic transition focus almost exclusively on the evidence from south-western Europe. Interpretations based on data from this area are then generalized to produce a relatively uncomplicated pan-European model, with the appearance of novel technologies, new patterns of land use, expanded social networks, and the emergence of complex forms of symbolic communication involving art and personal ornaments, all pointing to the appearance of 'modern human behaviour' in Europe about 40,000 years ago. This paper presents an impartial review of the important but often neglected evidence from Italy, and shows that models positing a single spatiotemporal origin for 'modern human behaviour' are too simplistic.(Oxford Journal of Archaeology (2007))Gioiellohttps://www.blogger.com/profile/00999270356447668208noreply@blogger.com