tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post4329939310300207465..comments2024-01-04T04:11:55.717+02:00Comments on Dienekes’ Anthropology Blog: Genetic structure in Europeans (Nelis et al. 2009)Dienekeshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02082684850093948970noreply@blogger.comBlogger60125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-88532898585952532122011-09-09T17:44:44.086+03:002011-09-09T17:44:44.086+03:00Dear Dienekes, Do you know if the data of the arti...Dear Dienekes, Do you know if the data of the article are free accessible? I cannot find the link or the ID for thembauhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/13358664543737897087noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-66379693208263998172009-05-12T19:30:00.000+03:002009-05-12T19:30:00.000+03:00I don't mean they were "cut from each other". But ...I don't mean they were "cut from each other". But I think that they have got pretty much different histories overall. Britain and Spain (or Italy and Spain or whatever) were never "cut from each other" either but they have pretty much different histories anyhow, and within Britain and within Spain (or France, etc.) you also find strong regional differences. <br /><br />It's just impossible that such a large area is homogeneous like, say, Estonia. It's comparing an apple with a whole orchard (almost any Italian region, except Val d'Aosta surely, is larger than Estonia).Majuhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12369840391933337204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-53080274147602826482009-05-12T19:21:00.000+03:002009-05-12T19:21:00.000+03:00I understand that Autosomal DNA is a much better t...I understand that Autosomal DNA is a much better tool for understanding total ancestry.<br /><br />But Y-DNA can be useful to get an idea of how certain lineages entered a population. Since we are talking about Paleoanthropology (ie. the nature of Neolithic demic diffusion) I referenced that particular study.<br /><br />My statement wasn't meant to refute this autosomal study, but rather as a way to supplement the information arising from the implications of this study.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-29359179625493291422009-05-12T19:17:00.000+03:002009-05-12T19:17:00.000+03:00Basically, the ratios of the different subclades a...Basically, the ratios of the different subclades are the same. The practical application of this is that the entry of J2 into the North and South Italian genetics came from a common event. There was definitely a vector of demic and cultural diffusion from South Italy towards the North. I don't think that Northcentral Italy and Southern Italy were cut-off from eachother all that much during the Neolithic. Aside from that, I see the logic in what argiedude wrote regarding Italy.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-69912216021276409482009-05-12T19:09:00.000+03:002009-05-12T19:09:00.000+03:00So frequencies of lineages can be different North ...<I>So frequencies of lineages can be different North Vs. South</I>.<br /><br />Well, that's it. I don't understand what you mean with all the rest. <br /><br />But anyhow I'm not pointing out to Y-DNA (which normally does not say too much about overall ancestry) but what autosomal data (e.g. Bauchet 2007 and others) do seem to indicate - albeit in absence of an Italian-specific component that I believe must exist.Majuhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12369840391933337204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-11535254575523188172009-05-12T17:57:00.000+03:002009-05-12T17:57:00.000+03:00Maju said:
The South especially was strongly influ...Maju said:<br /><I>The South especially was strongly influenced from the Balcans and in general Eastern Mediterranean influences all that time, the North instead was more influenced from the Danubian region even since those very Neolithic beginnings (though both regions are Cardium Pottery, the south gets Neolithic earlier from the Dalmatia-Albania area while the north gets it later from the Bosnia-Croatia one - the south by Sea, the North by land). Later developements magnify these differences. </I>Actually, Maju, there are Y-DNA observations that suggest a common source of most of the Neolithic-dervied lineages in Italy (both North and South).<br /><br />Read:<br />Y chromosome J2 subtyping in an Italian sample: Population and forensic implications by Valerio Onofria et. al.<br /><br /><B>The occurrence of J2 types is significantly different in the two areas <I>(North and South Italy)</I> (Chi-square test χ2=4.55, P=0.03). In order to investigate if such a difference was reflected also for lineages within J2, we compared the relative frequencies of the J2 lineages between the two regions using the Fisher's Exact test as implemented in the Arlequin package [7]. The two groups were not significantly different (P=0.7). We finally explored if any of the single lineages had significantly different frequencies between the two groups by contingency tables. None of the comparison was significant (P>0.05).</B>So frequencies of lineages can be different North Vs. South. But ratios of the lineages are relatively consistent throughout the length of the Italic peninsula.<br />Mind you, this is only J2, but aside from G and E (which is common throughout the peninsula, with higher rates of E in the South; as well as J1, which is more evident in the South, though still quite weak), this is the one mostly commonly associated with Neolithic diffusion in Italy.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-52607481076379971952009-05-10T09:08:00.000+03:002009-05-10T09:08:00.000+03:00To argiedude:
Not sure if the particular focus in...To argiedude:<br /><br />Not sure if the particular focus in NE Europe in this study may skew the effects for Italy. I would not make much of this: it is a paper on Estonians in the European context, not a paper on Europeans in general, much less about Italians.<br /><br />Apulia is South Italy by all standards: Greek colonization, part of the Sicily-Naples Kingdom, etc. <br /><br /><I>II was expecting a "big" jump between North Italy and Switzerland of 0,0015 to 0,0020 FST, equal to the distance between Spain and Belgium/England. But you can't make any such argument to justify the incredible 0,0050 FST between north and south Italy. Any other European population separated by the same geographic distance would have had 0,0005 FST, not 0,0050 FST</I>.<br /><br />Yah, this 50 FST, I guess, can because neither researched component is really major in Italy. They are looking at Estonia and at most at Europe as whole from an Estonian viewpoint. <br /><br />Anyhow, Italy was a meaningful receptor of population from outside in the Neolithic and Metal Ages. The South especially was strongly influenced from the Balcans and in general Eastern Mediterranean influences all that time, the North instead was more influenced from the Danubian region even since those very Neolithic beginnings (though both regions are Cardium Pottery, the south gets Neolithic earlier from the Dalmatia-Albania area while the north gets it later from the Bosnia-Croatia one - the south by Sea, the North by land). Later developements magnify these differences. <br /><br />Overall the South should and does tend to approach Greece and nearby areas, while the North is closer to the Transalpine surroundings.<br /><br />Anyhow, the distance between Milan and Bern (or Venice and Zagreb, or Genoa and Marseilles) is much shorter, even considering the barrier-efefct of the mountains, than that between Milan and Naples. Italy is a big country and especially a long one. <br /><br /><I>The margin of error using these sample sizes is... 0,0010 FST! Ha ha. So no, they did NOT find a mean of 0,0010 FST between Estonian counties, that's just the margin of error. The real inner-Estonian FST is probably very close to 0,0000 FST</I>.<br /><br />Not necesarily: it means that it's between 0.0000 and 0.0020 in fact (+/-0.0010 error margin means that). You are arbitrarily chosing one of the extremes of the EM, it could perfectly be the other. <br /><br />The last section of your comment is a very interesting read anyhow. I'd love to see your resulting graphs based in total variance.Majuhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12369840391933337204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-91097946082322086512009-05-10T05:15:00.000+03:002009-05-10T05:15:00.000+03:00argiedude,
Nice post. I agree with a lot of what ...argiedude,<br /><br />Nice post. I agree with a lot of what you say. I think we should take this effort as an exciting preliminary one, and wait for more detailed stuff which I'm sure will come next year.<br /><br />In regards to the West Pomeranians having that skewed LD. I can totally see it, because these people come from Polish communities in the east (Lithuania and Belarus), which were somewhat isolated from the main Polish population by geography, and from the locals by religion, language and ethnicity.<br /><br />And you can add to that the fact that even though Poland is a large country, it's probably the most homogenous one in Europe by far for its size.Polakhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08791738703122670119noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-57618590482861254332009-05-10T00:29:00.000+03:002009-05-10T00:29:00.000+03:00Both PCs represent only small apportions of the wh...<I>Both PCs represent only small apportions of the whole European variation anyhow.</I>Seems it would be useful to do two analyses, one that has only the Germanic, Baltic, and Finnish populations, and one that has only the Slavic, Baltic, and Finnish populations. That way perhaps one could distinguish if there is such a thing as an independent Baltic element, and how large/important it is.<br /><br />In this study, where too much is put into the mix, it looks like the Balts are the most Slavic Slavs - but that certainly only appears so because they are the least Mediterranean, which is also mixed into PC1.<br /><br />Likewise, Hungary and Bulgaria "look" less Slavic here also because they are more Mediterranean than e.g. Czechs.<br /><br />Sometimes less is more.eurologisthttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03440019181278830033noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-13383954685664902972009-05-10T00:25:00.000+03:002009-05-10T00:25:00.000+03:00The Italian results struck me immediately as simpl...The Italian results struck me immediately as simply wrong. They contradict the previous study by Seldin (2006), in which he used 86 Italians split equally between north, central, and south Italy. The geographic center of this mass of samples was central Italy, not far away from the location of the "south" Italy samples in this new study, which come from Foggia, north Apulia, close to the limit between what can be considered central and south Italy. But the Seldin distance to central Europe was 0,0030 FST, while in this study it's 0,0080 FST, a huge difference that can't be due to the normal margin of error.<br /><br />Seldin used 86 samples, and this study used 53 and 57 (north and south, respectively).<br /><br />But what's going on here basically amounts to inbreeding, while sample size is a secondary issue.<br /><br />They used 19 populations. After doing "quality control" they retained a subset of the original samples. For the non-Italian populations, the average number of retained samples was 96% of the original samples. Only 55% of North Italian samples made it past quality control, and only 60% of South Italian samples did. That's very weird and requires an explanation. My explanation is that they didn't pass the are-you-related test. The study says the North Italian samples come from the Borbera Valley. This place doesn't even qualify as a small city. It's half a dozen villages of 200 to 2,000 people, in a river valley in the mountains. They were probably selected purposefully under the thinking that people in remote areas best preserve the original genetic make-up of the regional population. From the supp: "The Italian samples were randomly chosen from those enrolled in a population study named Carlantino Project, which is focused on inhabitants arising from an isolated village at the border between Central and Southern Italy (Province of Foggia, Region of Apulia with 1200 inhabitants)." Inbreeding is unquestionably a factor here.<br /><br />The distance between north and "south" Italy is 0,0050 FST. At least in the case of the big difference between Italy and trans-Alpine Europe the argument can be made that the Alps caused the great genetic differentiation. In fact, I was expecting a "big" jump between North Italy and Switzerland of 0,0015 to 0,0020 FST, equal to the distance between Spain and Belgium/England. But you can't make any such argument to justify the incredible 0,0050 FST between north and south Italy. Any other European population separated by the same geographic distance would have had 0,0005 FST, not 0,0050 FST. Second of all, when you line up 3 populations, the middle population will always have an FST to the other 2 that, added up, will be equal to or slightly smaller than the distance between the 2 extremes. France has 0,003 and 0,005 FST to the north and south. Switzerland has 0,003 and 0,004 FST. South Germany has 0,004 and 0,006 FST. Since north and south Italy have 0,0050 FST between them, then in all 3 cases the sum of the inner FST distances is notably bigger than the FST distances between the 2 ends of the line. North Italy should be intermediate to either point, and thus its distance equal to (or less than) the distance between those 2 points. It's extra distance is inbreeding; it's shooting off into a direction that isn't present in either French/Swiss or south Italians. The inbred direction. The extra 0,0030 FST is the inbred factor.<br /><br />I think that, if anything, we can make a guesstimate of what the north versus "south" (Foggia) distance will eventually be in a better study by subtracting the distance to north and south Italy of France, Switzerland, and south Germany. On average, it's 0,0017 FST ( (0,002 + 0,001 + 0,002) / 3). That sounds reasonable to me, though I'll bet it will be somewhat less than that. And given that Seldin found a distance of 0,0030 FST between central Italy and central Europe, that leaves 0,0015 FST for the distance between north Italy and central Europe, which is exactly what I am expecting it to be. But we'll have to wait for a proper study, which this one to me definitely doesn't seem to be (regarding Italy, only, of course).<br /><br />.................................................<br /><br />When dealing with Europe, putting the results at only 3 decimal places is very lousy. Most country-to-country distances are less than 0,0010 FST, and in Heath there was one country-to-country result that was less than 0,0001 FST (Czech-Slovakia).<br /><br />.................................................<br /><br />"Mean Fst was 0.0010 for the 14 Estonian counties". [from the study]<br /><br />There were 966 Estonian samples, so that's 69 samples per county, and you know that's an ideal average, but that the reality must have included counties with just 20 or 30 samples and others with 100. The margin of error using these sample sizes is... 0,0010 FST! Ha ha. So no, they did NOT find a mean of 0,0010 FST between Estonian counties, that's just the margin of error. The real inner-Estonian FST is probably very close to 0,0000 FST.<br /><br />.................................................<br /><br />I'm noticing lots of little details that I just find wrong. They note that LD is notably higher in Poland than the rest of Europe, comparable to the Kuusamo, and then say this is probably because the Polish samples are from West Pomerania, which was populated after WWII from more eastern parts. Ok, but then why does the Russian sample, which seems to be located very close to those more eastern parts, have a normal LD like the rest of Europeans? How could they not notice this?<br /><br />They also said that autosomal and y-dna studies showed a northwest to southeast gradient. The autosomal studies did, but the y-dna studies showed an east-west gradient.<br /><br />.................................................<br /><br />But there's a very interesting observation about PC analysis. It says: "The twenty-two (11 SNPs for the first PC and 11 SNPs for the second) most variable SNPs presented as default output of the PC analysis. These SNPs have significantly different allele frequencies between studied populations and correspond to the largest eigenvalues of the first two PCs explaining the most variance."<br /><br />They built the 2 axis of the PC graph using just 11 SNPs for each axis. And it all works out mathematically. They start with 273,464 SNPs, but of course, after eliminating SNPs in LD they probably end up with about 50,000 SNPs. [correction, the study at the end says specifically they ended up with 68,000 SNPs after LD corrections and other stuff]<br /><br />The typical FST across wide stretches of Europe is 0,0040 FST, which multiplied by 50,000 SNPs would result in some 200 SNPs (that are highly differentiated within Europe). The 1st and 2nd PCs explain 8,7% and 4,9% of the total variation. Since 100% of the variation is explained by 200 SNPs, then 8,7% + 4,9% is equal to 27 SNPs, very close to the actual 22 SNPs in reality. Good, so now I finally know how many SNPs really go into these PC graphs. This also explains something else: the PC graphs show a greater variance than actually exists. In many previous studies, the PC graphs will show several samples that are way out of where they're supposed to be. This seems to indicate the sample is from someone who is of mixed ancestry, but it could easily be explained by the rare individuals who will be psoitive/negative for just 3 or 4 SNPs that people from their specific region shouldn't be. Just 3 or 4 bad rolls of the die and the sample ends up 2 countries off from where it should be located!<br /><br />The larger variance in PC graphs can be seen in Figure 2a. The blob formed by the mass of European samples, compared with the triangle formed by the CEU/Yourba/Han+JPT samples, is relatively much larger than the European blob in my own FST genetic graph compared with the same triangle of Euros/Nigerians/Japs+Hans. My genetic graph was painfully (emphasis!) built on whole genome results (aka FST), while these PC chumps are built using a couple dozen significantly differentiated SNPs.argiedudehttps://www.blogger.com/profile/11512295756932222613noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-89124412432944983182009-05-09T20:06:00.000+03:002009-05-09T20:06:00.000+03:00I meant why don't the Balts also pull in an "Euras...<I>I meant why don't the Balts also pull in an "Eurasian" direction because they also carry a lot of N, and if the Fnnish direction is indeed the Eurasian one?</I>.<br /><br />Polak: because PC2 represents a cline within Balto-Finnic populations primarily and Eastern Europeans almost exclusively. <br /><br />And PC2 does not show an "Eurasian" (you mean Asian or Eastern European, Eurasia = Asia with Europe included, all Europe) trend but a Balto-Finnic trend. In this sample at least, where populations around Estonia were oversampled (it's after all a paper on Estonians rather than Europeans as a whole) one of the PCs (PC1) shows a Balto-finnic pole contrasting with a Mediterranean antipodes and the other (PC2) shows a Baltic-Finnic dychotomy, with Slavs, naturally, being closer to Baltics than to Finns along this axis. Both PCs represent only small apportions of the whole European variation anyhow.Majuhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/12369840391933337204noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-53649538807961991172009-05-09T16:15:00.000+03:002009-05-09T16:15:00.000+03:00Polak, you are right, reading off all submaps of ...Polak, you are right, reading off all submaps of 23andme requires much knowledge about both used methods and the sample data.<br /><br />You are wrong, Finns are not to the north of Russians. I show you - and you'll make new explanations if you wish :)<br /><br />Finns are the circled samples, Western Finns are the lowest inside the circle (in fact 4 Finns and one Estonian - uppermost inside this group) Eastern Finns are the uppermost. <br /><br />Just below Western Finns are Poles and to the Southwest are Norwegians and perhaps also Swedes, but I have not been lucky to collect them enough. <br /><br />Sp we can discuss about whether Finns have some genetic drift or not, but you can see, if you wish, that the Northern Russian sample data may have affected to the location of Finns. And you can also measure the distance between Central Europeans and Finns versus the Central Europeans and Italians. <br /><br /> <br /><br />http://img134.imageshack.us/my.php?image=europe070509.jpgMaurihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-43151757237607478272009-05-09T15:38:00.000+03:002009-05-09T15:38:00.000+03:00That 23andMe plot of Eastern Europe is terrible.
...That 23andMe plot of Eastern Europe is terrible.<br /><br />It's hampered by too few reference populations (Poles, Ukranians, Russians), and the main components don't correspond to east/west and north/south at all, so the labels make no sense.<br /><br />Their European wide plot is much better. And on that one Finns usually cluster above the Scandinavians and North Russians.Polakhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08791738703122670119noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-40883737172669073992009-05-09T15:03:00.000+03:002009-05-09T15:03:00.000+03:00So far I have understood that 23andme's Russian re...<I>So far I have understood that 23andme's Russian reference data is collected from very uncommon place, never seen in these studies, from Vologda. Vologda is known about a high consentration of HG I1 in Russia.</I>Vologda is not very unusual in terms of its presence of Finno-Ugrian admixture, however. According to <A HREF="http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/05/y-chromosomes-from-european-part-of.html" REL="nofollow">Fechner et al.</A>, five regions have more N3 and six less than Vologda.Dienekeshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02082684850093948970noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-90206237796798002472009-05-09T14:33:00.000+03:002009-05-09T14:33:00.000+03:00Here is a MDS-image form 23andme's Advanced Global...Here is a MDS-image form 23andme's Advanced Global Similarity. It is captured from the Eastern European submap. The global picture depends on what kind of genes are excluded outside this image, but at this Eastern European level Finnish genes exist just how they act among Eastern Europeans, i.e. what they have common genes. <br /><br />So far I have understood that 23andme's Russian reference data is collected from very uncommon place, never seen in these studies, from Vologda. Vologda is known about a high consentration of HG I1 in Russia. <br /><br />http://www.cephb.fr/en/hgdp/table.php<br /><br />Blue dots - Finns<br />Yellow - Estonian<br /><br />Russian reference data is shown as blue squares (Vologda), Polish as pink squares<br /><br />On the European level Finns are to the west, northwest and north from Russian. The global level is too compact to be readable. <br /><br />http://img17.imageshack.us/img17/3775/plot.jpgMaurihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-48613227703385936122009-05-09T13:57:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:57:00.000+03:00We'll know when we get some Fst scores between Eas...<I>We'll know when we get some Fst scores between East Asians and Finns, Balts and Russians. If you're correct, there will be a huge difference, with the Finns deviating a lot more to Asia.</I>"More than Russians" depends on the sample of Russians one picks; these ones are on the low-end of Finno-Ugrian admixture.Dienekeshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02082684850093948970noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-8759491797954897562009-05-09T13:47:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:47:00.000+03:00Dienekes,
We'll know when we get some Fst scores ...Dienekes,<br /><br />We'll know when we get some Fst scores between East Asians and Finns, Balts and Russians. If you're correct, there will be a huge difference, with the Finns deviating a lot more to Asia.<br /><br />Mike,<br /><br />I agree.Polakhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08791738703122670119noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-8647881237687539862009-05-09T13:41:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:41:00.000+03:00Yes Polak, a bit sarcasm is wellcome :)
I think,...Yes Polak, a bit sarcasm is wellcome :)<br /><br />I think, not sure, but think that cap between nowadays Balts and Finns are Slavs! <br /><br />Balts and Finns have been earlier (prior 2000 BP) much close each other, but the Slavic expansion impacted greatly to Balts and almost nothing to Finns. It affected also to Estonians, but not equally than to Balts, however more than to finns. Do you agree this, even in a tiny small part :DMaurihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-73764255420277532632009-05-09T13:36:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:36:00.000+03:00I meant why don't the Balts also pull in an "Euras...<I>I meant why don't the Balts also pull in an "Eurasian" direction because they also carry a lot of N, and if the Fnnish direction is indeed the Eurasian one?</I>Patrilocality + a few thousand years of marrying Caucasoid women.Dienekeshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02082684850093948970noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-68499228288667953512009-05-09T13:31:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:31:00.000+03:00Dienekes "The difference between Estonians and Fin...Dienekes "The difference between Estonians and Finns is due to the fact that the latter found themselves fairly isolated, sandwiched between Swedes and Slavicized Finno-Ugrians, while the latter found themselves living among Balts and Slavs."<br /><br />Yes taht is correct, but I wish to see more those slavicized Finno-Ugrians in studies. Estonian has stonger connections to the Balts, the Finns lack these connections and have some amount more of genetic drift, and it can be seen in PCAs and MDSs. There is no mystics.Maurihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-86777030489051278912009-05-09T13:30:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:30:00.000+03:00Mike,
Are Y-chromosome haplogroups really differe...Mike,<br /><br />Are Y-chromosome haplogroups really different from autosomal DNA, really??? (please note sarcasm).<br /><br />The Balts carry a lot of N. So they obviously share a lot of ancestry with the Finns, one way or another. This has to reflect somehow on autosomal DNA (and it does show in PC1 here). But the question is, why are the Finns so different from them on PC2? And if its not Eurasian heritage (including HG N), then what?Polakhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08791738703122670119noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-12530565226153476412009-05-09T13:26:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:26:00.000+03:00Maju, I know that it is not a real map. Make your...Maju, I know that it is not a real map. Make your point in this issue and donät try to teach me :)Maurihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-12929505673951386742009-05-09T13:24:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:24:00.000+03:00Polak, Ydna haplogroups are different thing than ...Polak, Ydna haplogroups are different thing than autosomal dna. Same haplogroups exists within large areas in Eurasia.Maurihttps://www.blogger.com/profile/03670078523265515878noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-23353342922221629482009-05-09T13:06:00.000+03:002009-05-09T13:06:00.000+03:00I meant why don't the Balts also pull in an "Euras...I meant why don't the Balts also pull in an "Eurasian" direction because they also carry a lot of N, and if the Fnnish direction is indeed the Eurasian one?Polakhttps://www.blogger.com/profile/08791738703122670119noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7785493.post-12228836313947741082009-05-09T12:54:00.000+03:002009-05-09T12:54:00.000+03:00How do you explain the extreme differentiation bet...<I>How do you explain the extreme differentiation between the Finns and Estonians/Balts on PC1? Both carry a lot of N, which is what I presume you would say is the paternal North Eurasian influence in the Finns.</I>The difference between Estonians and Finns is due to the fact that the latter found themselves fairly isolated, sandwiched between Swedes and Slavicized Finno-Ugrians, while the latter found themselves living among Balts and Slavs.Dienekeshttps://www.blogger.com/profile/02082684850093948970noreply@blogger.com